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CONTENTS
Getting Started
For the users convenience and choiceVectorLinux releases several editions - called the Standard, SOHO,Deluxe, Live and Light editions. The Standard Edition is our'foundation' distribution - a fast and stable but complete distrothat fits on ~3GB of hard drive space and includes the xfce desktopenvironment. It will work well on most older computers andpositively flies on newer ones. The SOHO Edition (Small Office,Home Office) includes the more extensive KDE desktop environmentalong with OpenOffice and many office and multimedia applicationsfor today's modern computers. The Deluxe Editions are available forpurchase in Standard or SOHO CD's along with a second CD with1000MB of extra applications including FreeRock Gnome, KDE,Enlightenment17, Opera and others. You help support VectorLinux bypurchasing our Deluxe Versions. The Live version enables you to useVL's fast, secure operating system on any computer, or to try outVectorLinux for the first time without actually installing. TheLight edition is for those with old computers, low RAM or dialupInternet. Each edition has specific hardware requirements. Pleaseensure you have read the requirements for the edition you are aboutto install before proceeding. The good news is that theinstallation procedure for all editions is basically the same andis fast.
1. SystemRequirements
Thefollowing table lists system requirements for the various editionsof VectorLinux:
Item | Standard | SOHO | Deluxe | Live | Light |
Processor | Pentium III | Pentium IV | Pentium IV | Pentium III | Pentium II |
Memory (min.) | 128 MB | 256 MB | 512 MB | 512 MB | 64 MB |
Hard Drive (root) | >3.4 GB | >3.8 GB | >5 GB | not applicable | >2 GB |
Hard Drive (swap) | 256 MB | 512 MB | 512 MB | not applicable | 128 MB |
Hard Drive (home) | as needed | as needed | as needed | not applicable | as needed |
Video | 800x600 pixels, 16 bits color | 1024x768 pixels, 24 bits color | 1024x768 pixels, 24 bits color | 1024x768 pixels, 24 bits color | 800x600 pixels, 16 bits color |
Of course, youwill also need a compatible keyboard, mouse, and a CDROM drive.Other hardware components such as a network card, modem, soundcard, CD-writer, DVD, printer, etc., are optional. Linux alsosupports modern USB devices including pen drives, digital cameras,and scanners.
2. Understanding Hard DrivePartitions
For newbies thisis probably the most difficult but also the most important conceptto learn before installing any operating system on acomputer. Before an operating system or data can be stored on ahard drive that drive must be partitioned and then each partitionmust be formatted for a specific filesystem. A partition is aphysical or logical 'part' of the hard drive. A filesystem is astorage container and 'database' for storing files. For moredetails about partitions please read this andfor details on Linux filesystems go here.
In the MicrosoftWindows or default Ubuntu Linux install process usually only onepartition and one filesystem encompassing the entire hard drive iscreated. In MS Windows this process tends to be hidden from theuser. So when you install MS Windows (or if you have a computerwith only MS Windows pre-installed) it tends to wipe out any otherpartitions that may have existed on your drive. On the other handVectorLinux and many other Linux distros provide you with theoption and ability to delete, save, create or resize partitions andto format those partitions with different filesystems. This enablesyou to have more than one operating system on one hard drive (i.e.'dual boot') and enables easier and more secure backups.
If you intend todual boot your computer with both MS Windows and VL you shouldinstall Windows first. This is because in its narcissisticpresumptions Windows takes over the entire hard drive. If youintend to install Windows after VL then you will need to do thefollowing:
- use the 'gparted' application from a Live Linux CD to reducethe size of your '/home' partition
- install MS Windows to the now free space on your harddrive
- re-run the lilo or grub boot loader install process from the VLInstall CD to overwrite the Windows master boot record (MBR). Liloor Grub will find the Windows partition and add it to the bootmenu.
Assuming youalready have only MS Windows on your hard drive the entire drivewill have already been dedicated to Windows (probably denoted asC:). In order to install VL on the same hard drive which alreadycontains a MS Windows operating system you must reduce the size ofthe Windows partition to give you room to install Linux. Theeasiest way to do this is to use the gparted application fromLive Linux CD.Almost all Live Linux CD's (including VectorLinux LIVE) contain thegparted application. Documentation for gparted is available fromits Help Menu or online here.
If you aresimply installing VL and VL alone and you want to take over theentire hard drive for VL then you do not need to do any of theabove. The VL install CD includes partitioning software that can dopartitioning during the install process.
2.1Partitions Recommended forVectorLinux
For an efficientLinux install the developers at VectorLinux recommend that when youinstall VL you consider creating the following partitions:
- Root partition: this is the mainpartition to install the Linux system and all software programs.See the table above for our recommended minimum root partitionsizes for each VL version. You should also include additional spaceto install other applications at a later date. As a rough guidelinemake your root partition at least 5GB in size.
- Swap partition: required to enablevirtual memory. It expands the capacity of your actual randomaccess memory (RAM), so that you can run more programs at the sametime. It should be twice the size of your actual computer's RAM, upto a maximum of about 1GB.
- Home partition: for storing your owndata. Only you ca determine how large this should be. If you intendto store lots of music and video files it will need to be at least10GB in size, probably much larger. Normally, most users use up asmuch of the remaining hard drive space (after creating 'root' and'swap') as possible for their home partition. The advantage ofhaving a /home partition distinct from root ('/') is that at anytime you can simply image (ghost) the /home partition to preserveyour data files and you can also install a new version of VLwithout overwriting all your setup files and data.
2.2Linux partition namingscheme
MS Windowspresents hard drive partitions to the user as: C:, D:. E:, etc.However, Unix/Linux uses a different notation. Firstly, a computermay have more than one hard drive. Linux maps each hard drive as adevice. For example:
- /dev/hda : primary controller MasterIDE drive.
- /dev/hdb : primary controller SlaveIDE drive.
- /dev/hdc : secondary controllerMaster IDE drive.
- /dev/hdd : secondary controllerSlave IDE drive.
- /dev/sda : first SATA/SCSIdevice.
- /dev/sdb : second SATA/SCSIdevice.
Next, each harddrive can be divided into four PRIMARY partitions. For the firsthard drive (/dev/hda), they are mapped as /dev/hda1 .. /dev/hda4,respectively. But what if you want more than four partitions?
Unfortunately, four is a legacylimit you can do nothing about. The work-around is that one of theprimary partitions (/dev/hda2 .. /dev/hda4) can be used as anEXTENDED partition. Inside the extended partition, you may createmore LOGICAL partitions. The logical partitions are named/dev/hda5, /dev/hda6 and so on.
All SATA driveswill be labelled as '/dev/sda' and for the second drive as'/dev/sdb', ... etc.
3. ObtainingVectorLinux
Each edition ofVectorLinux is distributed as an ISO (.iso) 'image' file. To obtainit and prepare it for installation the steps are:
- Decide which edition of VectorLinuxyou want. Download the ISO image file (.iso) and the correspondingmd5 checksum file (.md5). The download sites are listed at theVectorLinux website,download page and also in the OverviewDocument.
- You should check the image filebefore burning it to a CD, to make sure it has not been corruptedduring download transmission. For that, you need to do an 'md5sumcheck', that means comparing the 'fingerprint' of your image file(.iso) against the fingerprint stored in the checksum file(.md5).
- Note that VL allows you to installthe .iso file directly without actually burning to a CD first (seeInstall Methods below), so if you do not wish to burn a CD youdon't have to. If you do burn the image onto a CD using a CD-writerand ensure that you burn the .iso image as an IMAGE, not as a datafile. If you burn the .iso as a data file you will not be able toboot your new CD. Check your CD burning software documentation onhow to burn as an 'image'.
3.1Checksum Tools for MS Windows
You maydownload the ISO image and MD5 checksum using any web browser, FTPclient, or download manager. However, some web browsers(Internet Explorer, for instance) have a tendency torename.md5 files as .htm or .txt. You canjust rename it back to .md5.
Forintegrity checking, download and unzip the GUI tool md5summer. On initial use it askspermission to associate the extension .md5 with itself. If youagree, you just need to double-click on a .md5 file to check theintegrity of the original file (as long as they are both in thesame folder). Otherwise, you have to manually browse to the .md5file within the md5summer interface, then click on the'Verify sums'button and select the.md5 file. If you get an OK for the VL .iso image file, you canproceed to burn it as an image (see notes above re properburning).
After that, you may want to burn the ISOimage onto a CD (but you don't have to - see below). For this, usethe program that is provided by your CD-writer (e.g: Adaptech CDWriter, or Nero Burner). Ensure you burn as an IMAGE not as afile.
3.2 Checksum Tools for Linux
Most Linux systems already have the toolsso you will not have to download any utilities. Here is how to dothat on Linux console/terminal in three steps:
- Downloading the ISO image and MD5:
nohup wgetftp://anymirror/path-to/veclinux-6.0/iso-release/vl-6.0.???.iso
nohup wgetftp://anymirror/path-to/veclinux-6.0/iso-release/vl-6.0.???.iso.md5.txt
(** Replace the pathname ??? above with correct path **) - Checking the integrity:
md5sum -c vl-6.0.???.iso.md5.txt - Burning the ISO onto a CD:
cdrecord -v fs=6m speed=4 dev=2,0 vl-6.0.???.iso
4. InstallingVectorLinux
To obtain VectorLinux you need toeither purchase a Deluxe CD from our CD Store or download an 'iso'image from a VectorLinuxmirror site. Once connected to the mirror site navigate to the...distr/vectorlinux/veclinux-6.0 directory at the mirror site youhave chosen. Within that directory you will see two subdirectories:/iso-release and /iso-soho (amongst others). The /iso-releasedirectory is where you will find iso images for the VL 6.0 Standardand VL 6.0 Standard Live Editions. The /iso-soho directory is whereyou will find iso images for VL 6.0 SOHO Edition (when available).Then download your iso of choice.
Prior tostarting the installation, you must know two things: 1) what typeof hard drive controller your computer has and 2) which method youwill use to install. Today, there are three common hard drivecontrollers: IDE, SCSI, SATA and Adaptec(for CDROMS). You must bootthe installation using the kernel that supports your controller.The default kernel works for SATA-IDE drives (which probablyincludes about 95% of today's desktop/laptop computers). The secondconcern is which install method to use. This depends on thecapability of the target computer. VectorLinux can be installed viaone of these methods:
- Direct ISO File from a Windows host.
- Direct ISO File from a Linux host.
- Bootable CD.
- from a USB device.
- from a network.
- Floppy disk and CD.
4.1Supportedcontrollers
VectorLinux supports and can be installed on systemsusing SATA/IDE/ATA hard drive controllers - the most popular onesin laptop/desktop systems. Another well known standard is a SCSIcontroller, but due to its high pricing, it is only common oncommercial server systems.
If you arehaving difficulties using your SATA drives, make sure you have setthe BIOS correctly. In a nutshell, set the BIOS to 'Enhancedmode SATA only'. This is counter intuitive, but it means useenhanced mode only on the SATA, not just use the SATA andturn off the PATA. If you set it to enhanced mode SATA+PATA, thekernel will lock as it tries to use an IDE driver for the SATAcontroller. Your symptoms will be that the kernel install may hangafter detecting hda - hdd.
Please know your hard drivecontroller type because it determines the kernel required forinstallation. The default kernel supports the SATA/IDE controllers(this is the one for probably 99% of workstation computers on themarket). Otherwise, you need to specify either 'scsi' or 'adaptec'kernel during the install.
4.2Direct ISO on a WindowsHost
This is a new method that will save you having toburn a CD. Assume that you already have Windows running on thecomputer, and the partitions have been prepared as suggestedabove.
- Download your iso of choice asdescribed above. Move it to the top level directory (C: or D:).Don't forget to check its integrity as explainedpreviously.
- You MUST now rename the iso tofollow DOS 8.3 filename specs (e.g. VL60.ISO, notvl60.1.24vl6.iso), and the filename should be all capitalletters.
- The next files should be placed intoC:loadlin
- loadlin.exe
Get it from “install/loadlin/” directory within the FTPsite. - initrd.img
Find it as “isolinux/initrd.img” within the FTPsite
- The kernel file that matchesyour system (ide, scsi, sata, adaptec)
You may select one of them from “isolinux/kernel/”directory within FTP site.
- loadlin.exe
Then proceed with theinstallation:
- Shutdown Windows to DOSmode.
- Type “cd C:loadlin”<enter> (without quotes)
- Type “loadlin ideroot=/dev/ram rw initrd=initrd.img” <enter> (withoutquotes).
You should replace the“ide” with the name of the kernel that you downloadedearlier. The standard installation process will bestarted.
4.3 Direct ISO on a LinuxHost
If you have another Linux running on thecomputer, this method will be easy. You need to download thefollowing files into a directory (e.g: /home/download):
- The chosen VectorLinux ISO imagefile.
- vlinstall-iso
Find it as “install/vinstall/vinstall-iso” within theFTP site
- Switch to run level 2 (or 3 inSlackware/Redhat, etc)
init 2 <enter> - Go to the directory where youdownloaded the files, i.e.: /home/download
cd /home/download<enter> - Now, install using the ISO file
./vinstall-iso vl-6.0.iso <enter>
4.4 Bootable CD
Use thismethod if you already have the VL install CD, and your computer iscapable of booting it.
First, you may need to change theboot order. Changing the boot order allows your system to boot fromdifferent devices like your hard drive, floppy drive or CDROMdrive.
When you select an installation method, you might have to set upyour system to boot accordingly. To do this, immediately after yourcomputer starts up go to the BIOS options setup screen (1).There should be an option for boot order (general options are Cdrive, A drive, CDROM drive, etc). Choose which should boot first(in this case CDROM drive), save out of the BIOS screens andrestart the computer. You can change the boot order back when youare finished installing VL.
When you select an installation method, you might have to set upyour system to boot accordingly. To do this, immediately after yourcomputer starts up go to the BIOS options setup screen (1).There should be an option for boot order (general options are Cdrive, A drive, CDROM drive, etc). Choose which should boot first(in this case CDROM drive), save out of the BIOS screens andrestart the computer. You can change the boot order back when youare finished installing VL.
Note:
(1)Not all systems use the 'Delete' key to enter the BIOS. Somesystems use one of the function keys (F1-F12). Some use acombination of keystrokes. Often the initial boot screen when youturn on your computer will tell you which keystroke to use to enterthe BIOS setup. If not, check your computer or motherboard manual.Failing that check your computer manufacturer's websitedocumentation for your specific computer model #.
(1)Not all systems use the 'Delete' key to enter the BIOS. Somesystems use one of the function keys (F1-F12). Some use acombination of keystrokes. Often the initial boot screen when youturn on your computer will tell you which keystroke to use to enterthe BIOS setup. If not, check your computer or motherboard manual.Failing that check your computer manufacturer's websitedocumentation for your specific computer model #.
After the boot order is properlyset, place the VL installation CD in the CD drive and reboot thesystem. The boot process will give you a prompt. This is the chancefor you to select the correct kernel that supports your controller.If you do NOT have a SCSI or Adaptec controller (99% of machinesdon't), then simply press [enter] to use the default kernel(sata/ide) with the graphical installer. Otherwise, type the kernelyou want, e.g:
boot: scsi[enter]
If you wish to use the text based installprocedure (recommended if you have installed VL before, are not anewbie and/or prefer a slightly faster install process) then type'linux' at the first line install prompt.
That's it. The chosen graphical installprocedure will then be started.4.5USB Stick Install
Two methods forinstalling VL from a USB stick (pen drive) are discussed here on theVL Forum. These methods have not yet been confirmed by otherusers but do apparently work.
4.6 NetworkInstall
You may installVL from a network as long as your computer is capable of bootingfrom a network (a PXE boot). This is useful for some laptops thatdon't have an optical drive and are not capable of booting from aUSB device. The method is explained here on ourHOWTO Forum.
4.7 FloppyInstall
This methodallows you to install VectorLinux using the VL CD (any edition) andtwo floppy disks. You may have to use this method if the targetcomputer cannot boot from the CD (especially on older laptops). Weassume that you already have the VectorLinux CD prepared and ready.You may use it to create the floppies on another Windows or a Linuxhost. Preparation on a Windows HOST is as follow:
- Insert the CD into the drive,assumed to be drive D:
- Launch a dos prompt
- Insert blank floppy #1, enter thiscommand:Thebare.i is an kernel image file that supports IDE controller. If youhave SCSI controller, use the scsi.sinstead.
- Take out floppy #1, Insert floppy#2, enter this command:
- Launch a terminal
- Insert the CD and mountit.
- Insert blank floppy #1, write thekernel image into it using this command:
- Take out floppy #1, Insert floopy#2, enter this command:
- Set the computer to boot from thefloppy drive
- Insert the CD
- Insert the floppy #1
- Boot the computer
- On the boot: prompt, press[enter]
- After asked, replace floppy #1 withfloppy #2
- VL install screen willappear
5a. The Graphical (GUI Based)Installation Process: Step by Step
When you launch the installationprocess, the first screen presented to you lets you choose eitherthe default kernel (IDE/SATA) or another kernel (by pressing F1).Normally you just hit the enter key unless you have a SCSI orADAPTEC hard drive. After a few seconds the graphical installerwill launch. For the most part the graphical installer is intuitiveand self-explanatory. However, the following sections will touch onsome of perhaps the more confusing issues that may be faced bynewcomers to VectorLinux.
The first GUI installer screen isseen below. For all of the installer screens to followingapplies:
- the leftmostrectangular panel simply shows the progress of the install, with ared dot indicating the current process
- the right panel isthe area where the user may need to make input choices
- the bottom buttonswill always be: 'Back' to go back to the previous install process,'Exit Installation' to immediately exit the Install (however, ifyou have made changes to partitions these will already be made andthere is no backtracking from that process) and 'Next' to go to thenext Install process after you have made choices in the rightmostpanel.
In this firstprocess you choose the language for both the install as well as forthe Linux operating system itself:
The second GUIinstaller screen - 'Find Installation Media' is seen below. Thisscreen enables the user to choose a particular VL ISO that may belocated on either one of your hard disk partitions, a USB device oran optical device. In the vast majority of cases it will find theVL CD you burned to install and the screen is really just forinformation purposes. However, if you have a number of VL ISO fileson different devices then you click on the upper information widgetto choose which ISO you wish to install. Information is alsoprovided to you on absolute minimum hard drive space installrequirements. Then click Next.
Now comes thedisk partitioning process. If you are a newbie and have not alreadydone so please ensure that you have read section 2 above concerningpartitioning. At this point you are given the option to useexisting disk partitions which you may have already created withother partitioning software, or to modify (and create) partitionsfrom within the installer. The latter option is the easiestmethod.
If you chose theoption to 'Modify' above you are then presented with the 'gparted'application to either delete, resize, create, format new orexisting partitions. gparted documentation is available here so wewill not reiterate that information here.
The next step isto choose the partitions for the VL install and how to use them.Click the upper right Help button for more info. A complete list ofpartitions found on your hard drives is presented to you. Wesuggest you reread Section 2.1 above concerning recommended VLpartitions and then proceed by selecting the 'mount point' (ie:'root' / , 'swap' swap and 'home' /home). You should then choose afilesystem (either ext3 or reiserfs are recommended for normal homeuse).
On the next twoscreens the user selects whether to do a full install (recommended)or custom install. The custom install is really only necessarywhere the user has hard drive space limitations. The differencebetween a frugal and full install is really only about 1.5GB ofspace. By clicking on the left side of the package name the usercan choose whether or not to install a specific package. Obviously,this should only be done if the user knows what the package isactually used for!
The next screenis an installation summary. Ensure your chosen partitions arecorrect as are the packages you want to omit, because the nextstage is the actual installation to the hard drive of all thesystem files and packages.
Progress ofVectorLinux operating system files and packages installation isthen shown with accurate status bars. On modern computers thisprocess should take less than 15 minutes.
Once theinstallation of system files is complete the system configurationsteps are started - the first of these being to install theLinuxLoader - 'lilo' boot manager. For newbies we suggest that yougo with the default values as presented to you and click the 'Next'button. Lilo will find any other operating systems on your harddrives (such as Windows if this is a dual boot installation) andwill create and entry for all operating systems in the boot loader.For more advanced users this panel enables you to:
- not /usr/share/vim/vim71/compiler/tidy.viminstall lilo (forinstance if VL is a second distro and you already have grub)
- install the boot loader to somewhere other than the MBR (eg: afloppy disk or USB device)
- choose whether or not to include a specific operating system onthe boot menu
- choose the name for the OS as it will appear on the bootmenu
- choose kernel boot options for each specific OS
- choose the video resolution for the boot loader; useful whereyou might have an older 15' monitor
We now selectour timezone.
The installerthen prompts for a root password. If you want proper Unix basedsecurity you must enter a hard root password on this screen.
You may nowenter as many users as you wish. You should always have at leastone user account which you will use as your normal account -normally you would just use your first name in lowercase lettersfor this account. Never use the root account for normal work. To doso violates the basic strong security for which Unix/Linux isfamous. In the 'Rights Management' panel we suggest you leave thedefault values unless you are an experienced Linux user and havespecific requirements for access rights for a particular user. onceyou have entered user details you must click then click the'Create User' button. You may create a number of users on this samescreen.
On the NetworkConfiguration screen you must give your computer both a name anddomain name. It is recommended that for normal home networkconfigurations you keep the defaults as prsented, i.e. use WiCD tomanage the networks, use DHCP to domain name service, etc. If youhave a wireless device and a regular ethernet device they will showas tabs: 'eth0' and 'ath0' or 'wlan0'. You can configure eachnetwork device separately, but for newbies the defaults willprobably suffice. Manual DNS servers specifications are only fornetworks where you have been given a specific IP address. MostInternet Service Providers (ISP) use DHCP.
The FinalHardware Configuration screen requires no input. It simply notifiesyou that the VL installation is now complete and you may reboot thecomputer. Upon reboot there will still be some hardwareconfiguration setup requiring input from the user. For thatinformation please jump to Section 5c.2 below.
5b. The Text-BasedInstallation Process: Step by Step
When you launch the installationprocess, the first screen presented to you lets you choose eitherthe default kernel (IDE/SATA) or another kernel (by pressingF1).
- Start up – On the next screenyou have four options:
- Select the keymap to be used duringthe installation. You should select this menu for the first time ifyour keyboard in a non-US layout.
- Start the installation. The reasonwhy we are here!
- Repair lilo (Linux Loader). This isa handy utility in case you have an installed Vector Linux, butsomehow you cannot boot it because of a corrupted LILO.
- Exit. This will bring you to theLinux command prompt. It might be required if something is wrongwith the installation and you are capable enough at the Linuxcommand line to fix it manually.
- Once you start the installation, theroutine will look for the installation media in the followingplaces:
- Any hard drive partition thatcontains installation files
- Any hard drive partition thatcontains the ISO file in the top directory
- CDROM drive
- The next screen shows you the harddrive requirements of the soon to be installed edition. If you havealready set up your partitions, then start the installation now.Otherwise you can create or modify the hard drive partitions usingthe built in tools. RESIZE menu is a simple front end forGNUParted. Meanwhile the FDISK menu will launch a menu-drivenpartitioning program called cfdisk (see the three imagesfollowing). Warning: do not proceed to the INSTALL menu if youdon't have the required 3 partitions (root, swap and home) at therequired sizes, because the install will surelyfail.
- You are now presented with a list ofthe next steps the routine will perform, it goes through each ofthese steps in order.
- In the check-files screen, you maychoose which files are to be verified for any damage or corruption.If you are confident enough about them you could skip theverification, but if the files are somehow damaged the installationwill probably fail later. If you have already done an md5sumcheck on the .iso file then this step is probablyunnecessary.
- Now the routine will present youwith any swap partition detected. Choose the swap partition to useand select OK..
- The next step is to choose your rootpartition. This is the partition on which you want to installVectorLinux. You will have the chance to select a differentpartition for your /home directory later.
- Then select the filesystem youprefer for the root partition: reiserfs, ext3 or ext2.
ext2 is the older Linux filesystem, reiserfs and ext3 are bothnewer and more robust journaling filesystems. ext3 is a generalstandard and reiserfs is particularly fast with many smallfiles. - Next, you can choose to use adifferent partition for your /home directory or use the same onethat is used as root. The '/home' is where files that belong tousers are to be stored, and 'root' is where the OperatingSystem´s files and all packaged software will bestored.
- The next two dialog screens allowyou to choose what main packages and individual softwareapplications you wish to install.
- You are now ready to installVectorLinux to your system. You can review the choices you havemade and go back and do some modifications, or you can select OK tocontinue installing VectorLinux. Once you hit OK, and theinstallation proceeds, it will format the partitions you selectedfor root and /home, and any information in them will be erased, soplease verify everything beforecontinuing.
After the installation is done, youwill be required to do some basic configuration, as explained inSection 6.
5c. Post-InstallConfiguration
Once VL has been installed, aconfiguration screen is presented. This allows you to configuresound, video, network, etc. This screen can also be accessed laterusing 'Vasm' as root.
However, it is recommended that youdo not skip this configuration step atinstallation time.
5c.1 Set Up LILO
You will be prompted to set-up“LILO”, the Linux Loader that boots thesystem.
Choose where to installlilo:
-the root partition (if you installed VL to /dev/hda2, this wouldinstall lilo to /dev/hda2)
- the MBR (master boot record) for the disk
- a floppy drive
- the MBR (master boot record) for the disk
- a floppy drive
If you want Lilo to take over theboot process entirely, install to the MBR of the hard disk (this isthe most common scenario). LILO will detect other operating systemson your hard drives and make an entry for them in its boot menu. Ifyou already have another boot manager installed on some partitionthat can point to your Linux partition, then you can install Liloto the root partition where you installed VL. If you are not sureand you don't want to cause any problems, install to a floppy. Butyou must then ensure that your computer's BIOS is set to boot fromthe floppy drive first. This is the slowest boot method, and onlysuggested if you do not want to alter your existing boot manager.For most systems installing to the MBR is safe and easy.
Choose to enable framebuffer or not.This option affects how the boot process looks, and the onscreenindications will let you know what option is best foryou.
Add any additional parameter youneed to boot you system. If your system didn´t require anyspecial kernel parameters to perform the installation, then leavethis field empty.
If you have them, Lilo will detectthe partitions and Operating Systems on your hard disk and allowyou to select which ones you want to have available in your newboot menu.
After you have installed VL, you canchange the lilo configuration by using 'vasm' as root, which willbring up the configuration screen again, or, also as root, you canedit the
/etc/lilo.conf file by hand. After editing the file, be sure toissue the following command as root: '/sbin/lilo -v'. This willcommit the changes to the lilo bootloader.
/etc/lilo.conf file by hand. After editing the file, be sure toissue the following command as root: '/sbin/lilo -v'. This willcommit the changes to the lilo bootloader.
5c.2 ConfiguringVectorLinux
Once Lilo is installed, the next steps are toconfigure this new system. If you installed with an ISO filedirectly from a Linux host the system will have to reboot firstbefore doing this next configuration step.
The firstscreen shows the configuration steps, and allows you to choosewhich ones are to be performed. The wise decision is to select themall, unless you have experienced problems with a particular steppreviously. At this point you are walked through a series ofscreens to configure the keyboard, auto-setup the basic hardware,select network settings, set the video, sound, and time zone. Theconfiguration will try to detect most of the settingsautomatically.
In thelast step, the configuration asks you to change the root(superuser, administrator) password and add the first ordinaryuser. Please don't skip this step for your own security. On anyoperating system, working daily as root is not advisable, so youshould set up a normal user and use that for normal tasks andresort to root only for administering the system.
When this is done, you simply press“OK” to restart the system and boot into VectorLinuxfor the first time.
7.Using the system for the first time
7.1 Login toVectorLinux
If you chose to boot into RunLevel 4(the X GUI system), when the VectorLinux boot process has beencompleted you will be presented with a graphical login screen whereyou should enter your personal username and password (do not useroot unless absolutely necessary). After logging in the desktopenvironment will load and within seconds you will see the desktop.Have fun!
As well as the GUI desktop, you willget six text consoles. You may switch between them by pressing[Ctrl]-[Alt]-[F1] through [Ctrl]-[Alt]-[F6] on the keyboard. Youwill be asked for a username and password. If you did not changethe root´s password during installation you should use rootas username and leave the password empty. Otherwise, use the nameand password of the account you created earlier. You may return tothe GUI by pressing [Ctrl]-[Alt]-[F7]
If you chose to boot into RunLevel 2 (atext console environment) you may switch to RunLevel 4 (GUI) bytyping:Alternatively, you can launch the GUIlogin mode by switching runlevel into 4 or 5. Please login as rooton the console, then type:
7.2 SystemAdministration
If you want to further configureyour VL system, you should launch VASM (Vector Administration and SystemMenu) from either a terminal or from the desktop menu. You willbe asked for root's password. This utility is explained in detailin the previous link and will not be reiterated here.
7.3 Reboot andShutdown
There are many ways to reboot thesystem, including
- From a console (not GUI) pressCtrl-Alt-Del
- From a console or GUI terminal, type 'reboot'
- From a GUI windows manager, choose 'reboot'menu.
- From a console or GUI terminal, type 'reboot'
- From a GUI windows manager, choose 'reboot'menu.
Meanwhile, to turn off the system,you may:
- Type'halt' or 'poweroff' from a console.
- Select 'shutdown' menu from a windows manager ifavailable.
- Select 'shutdown' menu from a windows manager ifavailable.
8.Troubleshooting
Error type1:
installation gives you a messagesaying that it can't find the vector bz2 kernel and / or sayingthat /dev/xxxx is not a valid block device.
This error usually appears when youhave more than one optical drive (CD/CD-RW/DVD/DVD-W) and you aretrying to install Vector from the second unit. Move theinstallation CD to the first drive.
Error type2:
Installation halts or does notstart properly after a seemingly correct installation or you getmessages about CRC errors during install
That kind of issue often suggestsfile corruption during download or a faulty burningprocess.
The first thing to do, if youhaven't already done so, is to check the .iso file for corruption;please refer to section 3 of this manual. If the .iso file passedthe md5sum integrity check , then you could try burning the file ata slower speed or use higher quality media.
Remember to burn as a cd image, notas a conventional file!
Error type3:
You get one of these twomessages:
Kernel Panic: Aiee, killinginterrupt handler!
In interrupt handler - not syncing.
In interrupt handler - not syncing.
or
Error! There was a problem!
Code: 39 36 75 03 5b 5e c3 5b 89 f0 31 c9 ba 03 00 00 00 5e e9cb
Installation not complete
Please press enter to activate this console
Code: 39 36 75 03 5b 5e c3 5b 89 f0 31 c9 ba 03 00 00 00 5e e9cb
Installation not complete
Please press enter to activate this console
Those errors are usually related toold hardware, and could mean that you need to pass some kernelcommands to the boot process. It could also mean that there is somesort of hardware problem with your computer, but if you had itworking previously with another operating system then it isprobably one of the following:
Some commands you may tryare:
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linux mem=16M (replace 16with the correct amount of memory in your PC)
linux ide=nodma (disable udma access, for old harddrives)
linux ide=nodma (disable udma access, for old harddrives)
These commands disable powermanagement, Notebooks often require them:
linux noacpi
linuxnoapm
linux pci=noacpi
linux acpi=off
linux apm=off
linuxnoapm
linux pci=noacpi
linux acpi=off
linux apm=off
Error type4:
Your SCSI or SATA hard drive isnot available to install VL on it.
The required driver for your SCSIcard is not being loaded, and therefore your disks are not seen bythe install routine.
Error type5:
Installing from CDROM drive failswith this error: 'mount: /dev/scd7 is not a valid blockdevice'
Your CDROM or CDRW drive requiresscsi emulation. When the installation greets you with the firstprompt (where it says 'boot:' at the bottom left) you should type:
idehdx=ide-scsi
(where x is your cd-romunit).
If that doesn't work restart and trywriting
scsihdx=ide-scsi
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(where x is your cd-romunit).
Note: The Linux Kernel 2.6.xtreats CD-Rx drives in a different way than previous kernels, sothis problem shouldn´t arise, it is still mentioned here forthe record.
Error type6:
The installation halts somewherenear the end during the install of packages and the install processgives you an error message that it cannot proceed. This oftenindicates that you may not have apportioned sufficient hard drivespace for the '/' (root) partition. VectorLinux requires a minimumof 3GB to install, 3.8GB for the SOHO edition. You will need toincrease the size of the root partition before proceeding tore-install the system. This can be done using cfdisk during thesecond install screen.
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Error type7:
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The installation locks up, with noresponse from the keyboard, and often occurs right near thebeginning of the install process when you see the kernel-loadingmessages. This usually indicates that you have faulty RAM. Use aLive Linux CD and run 'memtest' to confirm that you have a faultyRAM memory module on your computer.